Mycoplasma pneumoniae wani ƙaramin halitta ne wanda ke tsaka-tsaki tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta; ba shi da bangon tantanin halitta amma yana da membrane na tantanin halitta, kuma yana iya hayayyafa ta hanyar kansa ko kuma ya mamaye shi da kuma yaduwa a cikin ƙwayoyin masu masaukin baki. Tsarin halittar Mycoplasma pneumoniae ƙarami ne, yana da kimanin kwayoyin halitta 1,000 kacal. Mycoplasma pneumoniae yana da sauƙin canzawa sosai kuma yana iya daidaitawa da yanayi daban-daban da kuma masu masaukin baki ta hanyar sake haɗawa ko maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta. Mycoplasma pneumoniae galibi ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar amfani da maganin rigakafi na macrolide, kamar azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, da sauransu. Ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke jure wa waɗannan magunguna, ana iya amfani da sabbin tetracyclines ko quinolones.
Kwanan nan, Hukumar Lafiya ta Kasa ta gudanar da taron manema labarai kan rigakafi da kuma shawo kan cututtukan numfashi a lokacin hunturu, inda ta gabatar da yaduwar cututtukan numfashi da matakan kariya a lokacin hunturu a kasar Sin, tare da amsa tambayoyi daga kafofin watsa labarai. A taron, kwararru sun ce a halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta shiga lokacin da ake samun yawan kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi, kuma cututtuka daban-daban na numfashi suna da alaka da juna, wanda hakan ke barazana ga lafiyar mutane. Cututtukan numfashi na nufin kumburin membrane na mucous membrane na numfashi wanda kamuwa da cututtuka ko wasu abubuwa ke haifarwa, wadanda suka hada da kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na sama, ciwon huhu, mashako, asma da sauransu. A cewar bayanan sa ido na Hukumar Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kasa, kwayoyin cutar cututtukan numfashi a kasar Sin galibi suna da rinjaye ne da kwayoyin cutar mura, baya ga yaduwar wasu kwayoyin cuta a cikin shekaru daban-daban, misali, akwai kuma kwayoyin cutar rhino da ke haifar da mura ga yara 'yan shekara 1-4; A cikin mutanen da ke tsakanin shekaru 5-14, kamuwa da cutar Mycoplasma da adenoviruses da ke haifar da mura suna da A cikin rukunin shekaru 5-14, kamuwa da cutar Mycoplasma da adenoviruses waɗanda ke haifar da mura sun kai wani yanki na yawan jama'a; a cikin rukunin shekaru 15-59, ana iya ganin rhinoviruses da neocoronaviruses; kuma a cikin rukunin shekaru 60+, akwai babban adadin parapneumovirus na ɗan adam da coronavirus na gama gari.
Kwayoyin cutar mura ƙwayoyin cuta ne masu RNA masu kyau, waɗanda ke zuwa cikin nau'i uku, nau'in A, nau'in B da nau'in C. Kwayoyin cutar mura A suna da babban canjin yanayi kuma suna iya haifar da annobar mura. Tsarin halittar kwayar cutar mura ya ƙunshi sassa takwas, kowannensu yana ɗauke da sunadaran guda ɗaya ko fiye. Kwayoyin cutar mura suna canzawa ta hanyoyi biyu, ɗaya shine drift na antigenic, wanda sauye-sauyen maki ke faruwa a cikin kwayoyin halittar kwayar cuta, wanda ke haifar da canje-canjen antigenic a cikin hemagglutinin (HA) da neuraminidase (NA) akan saman kwayar cutar; ɗayan kuma shine sake fasalin antigenic, wanda kamuwa da cuta a lokaci guda na nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cutar mura daban-daban a cikin ƙwayar mai masaukin baki ɗaya ke haifar da sake haɗa sassan kwayar cutar, wanda ke haifar da ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana sarrafa ƙwayoyin cutar mura galibi ta hanyar amfani da masu hana neuraminidase, kamar oseltamivir da zanamivir, kuma a cikin marasa lafiya masu fama da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, ana buƙatar maganin tallafi na alama da maganin rikitarwa.
Neocoronavirus wata kwayar cuta ce ta RNA mai kama da kwayar halitta mai kama da kwayar halitta wadda take cikin dangin Coronaviridae, wacce ke da ƙananan iyalai guda huɗu, wato α, β, γ, da δ. Ƙananan iyalai α da β galibi suna kamuwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa, yayin da ƙananan iyalai γ da δ galibi suna kamuwa da tsuntsaye. Tsarin halittar neocoronavirus ya ƙunshi dogon tsarin karatu mai buɗewa wanda ke ɗauke da sunadaran tsari guda 16 marasa tsari da kuma sunadarai guda huɗu, wato furotin membrane (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) da furotin enzyme (E). Sauye-sauyen Neocoronaviruses galibi suna faruwa ne saboda kurakurai a cikin kwafi na kwayar cuta ko saka kwayoyin halitta na waje, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin jerin kwayoyin halitta na kwayar cuta, wanda ke shafar yaduwar kwayar cuta, cututtuka da ikon tserewa daga garkuwar jiki. Ana sarrafa Neocoronaviruses galibi ta hanyar amfani da magungunan rigakafi kamar ridecivir da lopinavir/ritonavir, kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, ana buƙatar maganin tallafi na alama da maganin rikitarwa.
Manyan hanyoyin magance cututtukan numfashi sune kamar haka:
Allurar riga-kafi. Allurar rigakafi ita ce hanya mafi inganci ta hana cututtuka masu yaduwa kuma tana iya motsa jiki don samar da rigakafi daga cututtuka masu yaduwa. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin tana da nau'ikan alluran rigakafi daban-daban don cututtukan numfashi, kamar allurar rigakafin mura, allurar rigakafin sabuwar cuta, allurar rigakafin cutar huhu, allurar rigakafin pertussis, da sauransu. Ana ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da suka cancanta su yi allurar rigakafin cikin lokaci, musamman tsofaffi, marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtuka masu tsanani, yara da sauran muhimman mutane.
Ku kiyaye kyawawan halaye na tsaftar jiki. Cututtukan numfashi galibi suna yaɗuwa ta hanyar digo da kuma hulɗa da mutane, don haka yana da mahimmanci a rage yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar wanke hannu akai-akai, rufe bakinku da hanci da tissue ko gwiwar hannu lokacin tari ko atishawa, ba tofawa ba, da kuma rashin raba kayan aiki.
A guji cunkoso da wuraren da iska ba ta isa ba. Wuraren da ke cike da cunkoso da kuma wuraren da iska ba ta isa ba wurare ne masu haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi kuma suna iya kamuwa da cututtuka iri-iri. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a rage ziyartar waɗannan wurare, kuma idan dole ne a je, a sanya abin rufe fuska kuma a kiyaye wani takamaiman nisan zamantakewa don guje wa kusanci da wasu.
Ƙara juriyar jiki. Juriyar jiki ita ce hanya ta farko ta kariya daga cututtuka. Yana da mahimmanci a inganta garkuwar jiki da kuma rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar cin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki matsakaici, isasshen barci, da kuma kyakkyawan yanayi na tunani.
Kula da kiyaye ɗumi. Yanayin sanyi yana da ƙasa, kuma motsa sanyi na iya haifar da raguwar aikin garkuwar jiki na mucosa na numfashi, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa wa ƙwayoyin cuta shiga. Saboda haka, a kula da kiyaye ɗumi, a sanya tufafi masu dacewa, a guji mura da sanyi, a daidaita yanayin zafi da danshi na cikin gida a kan lokaci, da kuma kula da iska a cikin gida.
Nemi kulawar likita a kan lokaci. Idan alamun cututtukan numfashi kamar zazzabi, tari, ciwon makogwaro da wahalar numfashi suka bayyana, ya kamata ka je cibiyar lafiya ta yau da kullun a kan lokaci, ka gano cutar kuma ka yi maganinta bisa ga umarnin likita, kuma kada ka sha magani da kanka ko ka jinkirta neman kulawar likita. A lokaci guda, ya kamata ka sanar da likitanka game da tarihin kamuwa da cutar da kuma bayyanarta, sannan ka yi aiki tare da shi wajen binciken cututtuka da kuma hanyoyin da za a bi don hana yaɗuwar cutar.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-15-2023